Types Of Criminal Justice Systems Law Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2169 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? Across the world there are many different types of criminal justice system to keep and maintain order and peace within their area of jurisdiction creating a social code of conduct, the law. The criminal justice system tries to deter individuals from disrupting this peace and order by pressuring them with the notion of punishment forcing the individual to abide to the law. These punishments differ from being a punitive one or a rehabilitative nature. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Types Of Criminal Justice Systems Law Essay" essay for you Create order By doing so the criminal justice has certain power to control society by means of policing. Policing plays an important role in the criminal justice system as it is the first step to criminal proceedings following investigation, judgment and finally punishment where applicable. The criminal justice system can be categorized in three main parts; policing where the investigation is held, the courts for judgement to take place and corrections where the type of punishment is looked over by the correctional authorities (Bernard, 2011). As mentioned before there are many different types of criminal justice system, the author of this literature will be comparing and contrasting the Japanese criminal justice system with the England and Waless system. England and Wales criminal justice follows an adversarial system where the magistrate or a jury hears two opposing views of a case. The defence and the prosecution parties can present their case as how they deem fit by calling and examining w itnesses as they like within certain restriction provided by the law (Chapman Niven, 2000). Unlike the England and Waless system the Japanese system follows a semi-inquisitorial scheme where a judge is present in the preparation of evidence with the police and has a say in the way different parties are to show their case in trial. The judge asks questions to the witnesses while the defendant and the prosecution parties can enquire additional questions only through the judge (Mortimer, 1994). Furthermore the Japanese system does not use the jury system as the England and Wales do. This system of the Japanese is called the Monopolization of Prosecution and gives exclusive power to public prosecutors only. Nevertheless there is an exception to the Monopolization of Prosecution and is practiced when a victim of crime believes that the public prosecutors are abusing of their exclusive power. He or she can apply to the court to order the case to be tried. If the order is well-founded then the court must order the case to be tried and a practicing lawyer is selected by the court to exercise the role of the public prosecutor, however if otherwise the order is dismissed (UNAFEI, 2010). A common characteristic in both the Japanese and the England and Wales system is the presumption of innocence until proven guilty and that the standard proof must be beyond the reasonable doubt. This presumption of innocence applies at every stage of the criminal procedure and in case of doubt the defendants view will always be favoured. (Chapman Niven, 2000; UNAFEI, 2010). Throughout all Japan there is one territorial jurisdiction; the same procedure is followed in all criminal cases under the Code of Criminal Procedure (CCP) and the Rules of Criminal Procedure. The constitution protects most of the rights of the individual regarding court trial and criminal investigation under several articles. A few article are listed below Article 31: no person shall be deprived of life, o r liberty, nor shall any other criminal penalty be imposed, except according to procedure established by law, Article 33: no person shall be arrested except upon warrant issued by a competent judicial officer, which specifies the offences with which the person is charged, unless he is arrested in the commission of the offences. Article 38: no person shall be compelled to testify against himself, and that a confession made under compulsion, torture, or threat, or after prolonged detention or confinement shall not be admitted in evidence. It further provides that no person shall be convicted or punished in cases where the only proof against him is his own confession. Article 40:any person, in case he is acquitted after he has been detained or confined, may sue the State for redress as provided by law. (UNAFEI, 2010, p. 20) Similarly with the England and Wales criminal system the individual has many different rights under the The Human Rights Act 1998. In the same way as Ar ticle 40 in the Japanese constitution the individual can sue the State to the European Court. A few articles from this Act is as follows Article 2 Right to life Article 3 Prohibition of torture Article 6 Right to a fair trial Article 7 No punishment without law this article states that no person can be punished for an action which did not constitute a criminal offence at the time it was committed. Article 18 Limitation on use of restrictions on rights this article ensures that the restrictions on rights in the convention are not used for any purpose other than those for which they have been prescribed. (Chapman Niven, 2000, p. 5-6) The Police In Japan a police Law was put into force in 1947, completely amended in 1954 in order to offer an efficient and effective police organization showing considerable respect to the principle of local autonomy. The police are trained in order to safe guard the national public in matters relating to serious natural catastrophe creating public disorder and matters relating to civil disturbances. The police in Japan are called Prefectural Police. For some reason or another, as according to the Cabinet Order, in Japan there can only be 278,300 prefectural police. It is estimated that in Japan 1st October 2003, the population was of 127,619,000 meaning that there is one police officer for every 460 persons in the country. The Police law stipulates the duties of the police as protection of life, person and property of individuals; prevention, suppression and detection of crime and apprehension of suspects; control of traffic; and other functions necessary to maintain public peace and order ( UNAFEI, 2010, p. 2). According to the police law crime detection is one of the main duties of the all the police officers including patrolmen in all police jurisdiction. (UNAFEI, 2010) In England and Wales the police have more or less the same role as the Prefectural Police. However for England and Wales, before the Police Act of 1964, the idea of the police was regarded as police force to enforce the law. Within time difficulties and concerns were experienced with the public and these experiences changed the mentality of a police force to police service. A difference from the Prefectural Police is that in England and Wales, the police have different number of forces. These forces have specific territorial powers such as the British Transport police, the Ministry of Defence Police and Royal Parks Police (Chapman Niven, 2000). In Japan there is only one force that controls different territories. The Courts In Japan there are five types of courts in Japan and are all integrated into a unitary national judicial system. These courts are; the Supreme Court, High Court, District Court, Family Court and Summary Court. The Summary Court; where all cases are heard by a single judge. This courts jurisdiction is very limited to small offences, offences not more than  ¥1,400,000 (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬12,496.65), punishable by a fine or a lighter punishment for example penal detention or a minor fine, and other minor criminal offences. A few examples of minor criminal offences include habitual gambling, embezzlement, petty theft and buying or accepting stolen property. The Summary may not give a prison sentence or a graver punishment however can impose imprisonment with labour not exceeding three years. When a case has an outcome of imprisonment of more than three years, the Summary Court can transfer it to the District Court. (UNAFEI, 2010) The Family Court; has jurisdic tion over family issues and juvenile delinquency involving persons under the age of 20. In addition this court hears adult criminal cases that involve offences harmful to juveniles. (UNAFEI, 2010) The District Court; hears all cases at the first glance except those set aside for the Summary court, Family Court and the High Court. Most of the time cases are tried by a single judge. Nevertheless if there is the possibility of sentencing a life imprisonment, imprisonment for more than one year or death, three judges hear the case. (UNAFEI, 2010) The High Court; has jurisdiction appeals from decisions made by the District Court, Family Court and the Summary court in criminal cases heard by three judges. The high court even hears cases involving insurrection where 5 judges handle the case. (UNAFEI, 2010) The Supreme Court; situated in Tokyo, is the highest court and consists of 15 Justices including the Chief Justice, nine of them qualified to be a Japanese legal practitioner an d five of those who has extensive knowledge of the law and is at least 40 years of age. This court exercises appellate jurisdiction. Articles 81 of the Constitution state that this court is the court of last resort and is to decide on the constitutionality of any law, regulation, order or official act. The Supreme Court implements this power by rendering case-specific conclusions not by declaring constitutionality in a general way. It generally hears appeals that were tried at a high court if and only if (1) a violation of the Constitution or an error in constitutional error, or (2) adjudication contrary to precedents of Supreme Court or High Courts (UNAFEI, 2010) In England and Wales the Courts there are five courts too, the lowest court is the Magistrates Courts where over 96% of criminal cases are dealt with this court. The Magistrates Court is tried by at least two lay magistrate but normally three magistrates hears the trial. A district judge can hear a case on his or her ow n. The magistrate court acts as the Summary Court, The Family Court and the District Court of Japan but can only impose a prison sentence of less than six months or 12months for consecutive sentences, nor can exceed a fine of  £5000 (ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬5,926.98). (Chapman Niven, 2000) Three other courts which are under the Supreme Court are the Court of Appeal, the High Court and the Crown Court. The Crown court hears trials of indictable offences and appeals from the court of Magistrates. Appeals from cases originating in the magistrates courts on points of law and proceedings are heard at the High Court. Appeals arising from the Crown court and the High Courts are heard at the Court of Appeal where the final Appeal is heard at the House of Lords. The House of Lords is made up of Lords of Appeal chosen amongst the judges of the Court of Appeal. The High court in Japan is equivalent to the Supreme Courts in England and Wales whereas the House of Lords is similar t o the Supreme Court of Japan. (UNAFEI, 2010; Chapman Niven, 2000) Corrections After a verdict is given and the individual is found guilty, apart from imprisonment there are many other sanctions that both the Japanese and the England and Waless system. Both countries have Probation Officers, Halfway Houses, Parole, Fines and Suspended sentences. The Japanese constitution puts a good effort in Probation and Parole where the offender is put within society supervised. Many citizens volunteer as an assistant probationer or parole. Furthermore in Japan Juveniles are given more attention in order for them to rehabilitate; Living Guidance, Academic Education, Physical and Health Education is provided. The prisons in Japan never suffered overcrowding as the rehabilitation of the offender was more important than retaliation. In England and Wales, effort is put more in community sentences, resulting in less concentration with probation and parole. Community service, Combination, curfew and drug treatment and testing orders are all an option. Community service is whe n a prisoner does unpaid work for the community with a minimum if 40hours and a maximum of 240hours in twelve months. The Combination order works hand in hand with a probationer where community service is given with the other rules of the probationer. Curfew order controls the persons liberty of a person to leave an address at certain hours. These different option were put into force as a solution to overcrowding in the prison system where again the mentality has changed throughout the years. A difference in sentencing between the Japanese and Englands system is the capital punishment. In England and Wales the capital punishment for murder was abolished in 1965. However it was kept but unused for crimes such as treason and other offences. In September 1998 capital punishment was completely abolished under the Crime and Disorder Act. In Japan the capital punishment is still practiced for homicide and treason. However the homicide must include aggravating factors and/or multiple mu rders. Conclusion Even though the English system has been practised before the Japanese system, there is not much of a distinction between the two as one would perceive it to be due to cultural difference. Most of the rights of the individual are protected in both countries; however power is not always exclusive within public prosecutors. So much so, even though power is mainly in the hands of the Japanese public prosecutors, the citizen still has right to go against such mentioned power.

Rem Sleep Types And Stages Of Sleep - 1494 Words

Most people do not realise how vital of a role REM sleep has on our everyday life. Almost everyone has remembered when they had had an extremely vivid dream. Well that is because they were in a stage in their sleep called REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. REM sleep is a part in the sleep cycle where your eyes move back and forth and is also the part of the sleep cycle where you dream the most. Our bodies need REM sleep in order to maintain proper function and health. In fact, we are programmed to sleep each night as a means of restoring our bodies and minds. The internal biological clock and the sleep-wake homeostat largely determine the timing of our transitions from wakefulness to sleep and vice versa.Mammals and birds are two of the only type of animals that have REM sleep. (Sleep - Types and Stages of Sleep - REM Sleep.). The majority of people have heard of REM sleep, but do not know much about it. It happens in cycles of about 90-120 minutes during our sleep and it makes up abou t 20-25% of an adults sleep time, but the amount of time we spend in the REM sleep cycle lowers the older we get. The brain cycles through five different phases during sleep: stages 1,2,3,4 (which are classified by their respective brain wave patterns) and REM sleep. The sleep cycle repeats itself, so one enters REM sleep several times a night. (What Is REM Sleep?) . REM sleep dominates the latter half of the sleeping period, predominantly the hours before we wake. Scientists that haveShow MoreRelatedRem Sleep : Types And Stages Of Sleep1496 Words   |  6 PagesREM Sleep Most people do not realise how vital of a role REM sleep has on our everyday life. Almost everyone has remembered when they had had an extremely vivid dream. Well that is because they were in a stage in their sleep called REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep. 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Media Theory in Practice free essay sample

This paper discusses the media equation theory the increasing connection that has been made between technology and humanity. This paper presents a detailed discussion about the media equation theory and its applications. The author of this paper uses the movie The Truman Show to develop an understanding for the reader of what the media equation theory is and how it can be applied to media examples such as the movie. The paper includes a comprehensive bibliography. Through the use of media manipulation we have perpetuated the media equation theory. As technology continues to advance we find our media tools taking on more humanistic type qualities. Studies are showing that people around the world are assigning human like emotions to the interaction they receive through media tools today. As we move further into the future we will most likely continue to humanize computers and other media methods of communication. The media equation theory seems to be evolving as the actual behavior of humans evolves. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Theory in Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The theory is a sound theory though rather curious as to what the future will hold.

The Peoples Bank of China Essay Example Essay Example

The Peoples Bank of China Essay Example Paper The Peoples Bank of China Essay Introduction The People’s Bank of China is the is the central bank of People’s Republic of China with the power to control monetary policy and regulate the financial institutions in mainland China. The People’s Bank of China has more financial assets than any other single public finance institution in world history. History: The bank was established on December 1, 1948 based on consolidation of Huabei Bank, the Beihai Bank and the Xibei Farmer Bank. The headquarter was first located in Shijiazhuang, Hebei and then moved to Beijing in 1949. Between 1949 and 1978 the PBC was the only bank in People’s Republic of China and was responsible for both central banking and commercial banking operations. In the 1980, as part of economic reform, the commercial banking functions of the PBC were split off into four independent but state owned banks and in 1983, the State Council promulgated that the PBC would function as the central bank of China. Its central bank status was legall y confirmed on March 18, 1995 by the 3rd Plenum of the 8th National People’s Congress. In 1998, the PBC underwent a major restructuring. All provincial and local branches were abolished, and the PBC opened nine regional branches, whose boundaries did not correspond to local administrative boundaries. In 2003, the standing committee of the 10th National People’s Congress approved an amendment law for strengthening the role of PBC in the making and implementation of monetary policy for safeguarding the overall financial stability and provision of financial services. Management: The top management of PBC is composed of the governor and a certain number of deputy governors. The Peoples Bank of China Essay Body Paragraphs The governor of the PBC is appointed into or removed from office of the President of People’s Republic of China. The candidate for the governor of PBC is nominated by the Premier of the State Council and approved by the People’s National Congress. The deputy governors of the PBC are appointed into or removed from office by the Premier of the State Council. The PBC adopts a governor responsibility system under which the governor supervises the overall work of the PBC while the deputy governors provide assistance to the governor to fulfill his or her responsibility. The current governor is Zhou Xiaochuan. Other high ranking deputies include Wang Hongzhang, Hu Xiaolian, Liu Shiyu, Ma Delun, Yi Gang, Du Jinfu, Li Dongrong, Guo Qingping. Structure: The PBC has established 9 regional branches respectively in Tianjin, Shenyang, Shanghai, Nanjing, Jinan, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Chengdu and Xi’an, 2 operations offices in Beijing and Chongqing, 303 municipal sub branches and 180 9 county level sub branches. It has 6 overseas representative offices PBC Representative Office for America, PBC Representative Office (London) for Europe, PBC Tokyo Representative Office, PBC Frankfurt Representative Office, PBC Representative Office for Africa, Liaison Office of the PBC in the Caribbean Development Bank. The PBC consists of 18 functional departments (bureaus), General Administration Department Legal Affairs Department Monetary Policy Department Financial Market Department Financial Stability Bureau Financial Survey and Statistics Department Accounting and Treasury Department Payment System Department Technology Department Currency, Gold and Silver Bureau State Treasury Bureau International Department Internal Auditing Department Personnel Department Research Bureau Credit Information System Bureau Anti-Money Laundering Bureau (Security Bureau) Education Department of the COC PBC Committee The following enterprises and institutions are directly und er the PBC; China Anti-money Laundering Monitoring and Analysis Center PBC Graduate School China Financial Publishing House Financial News China National Clearing Center China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation China Gold Coin Incorporation China Financial Computerization Corporation China Foreign Exchange Trade System Microfinance: Rural Credit Cooperatives List of Governors: Nan Hanchen: October 1949—October 1954 Cao Juru: Oct. 1954—Oct. 1964 Hu Lijiao: Oct. 1964—Oct. 1966 Chen Xiyu: May 1973—Jan. 1978 Li Baohua: Jan. 1978—April 1982 Lu Peijian: April 1982—March 1985 Chen Muhua: March 1985—April 1988 Li Guixian: April 1988—July 1993 Zhu Rongji: July 1993—June 1995 Dai Xianglong: June 1995—Dec. 2002 Zhou Xiaochuan: Dec. 2002—Present. Interest Rates: Interest rates set by the bank are always divisible by nine, instead of by 25 as in the rest of the world. At 22 Dec. 2008 it was set to 5. 31%. (1. 2) Evolution of Banks in China The history of Chinese banking system has been somewhat checkered. Nationalization of the country’s banks got the highest priority in the earliest year of People’s Republic of China, and the banking was the first sector to be completely socialized. In the period of Chinese war (1949-52), the People’s Bank of China moved very effectively to raging inflation and brings the nation’s finances under central control. Over the course of time, the banking organization was modified repeatedly to suit changing conditions and new policies. The people’s Bank of China was the central bank and the foundation of the banking system. Although the bank overlapped in function with the Ministry of Finance and lost many of its responsibilities during Cultural Revolution, in the 1970 it was restored to its leading position. As the central bank the People’s Bank of China had sole responsibility for issuing and control ling the money supply. It also served as the government treasury, the main source of credit economic units, the clearing center of financial transactions, the holder of enterprise deposits, the national saving banks, and a ubiquitous monitor of economic activities. The People’s Construction Bank managed by state and provides loans for capital construction. It checked the activities of loans receipts to insure that the funds were used for their designated construction purpose. Money was spending in stages as a project progressed. The reform policy shifted the main source of investment funding from the government budget to bank loans and increased the responsibility and increased the responsibility and activities of the People’s Construction Bank. Another financial institution, the Bank of China, handle all dealings in foreign exchange. It was responsible for allocating the country’s foreign exchange reserves, arranging foreign loans, setting exchange rates for Ch ina’s currency, issuance of letters of credit, and generally carrying out all financial transactions with foreign firms and individuals. The Bank of China had offices in Beijing and other cities and maintained overseas offices in major international financial centers, including Hong Kong, London, New York, Singapore and Luxembourg. Banking system was centralized early or under the Ministry of Finance, which exercised firm control over all financial services, credit, and the money supply. During 1980 the banking system was expended to meet the needs of the program, and the scale of banking activity rose sharply. New budgetary producers required state enterprises to resubmit to the state only a tax on income and to seek investment funds in the form of bank loans. Between 1979 and 1985, the deposits nearly tripled and the value of bank loans rose by 260 percent. By 1987 the banking system included the People’s Bank of China, Agricultural Bank, Bank of China (which handled foreign exchange things), China Investment Bank, China Industrial and Commercial Bank, People’s Construction Bank, Communications Bank, People’s Insurance Company of China, Rural Credit Cooperatives and Urban Credit Cooperatives. The Agricultural Bank was created in the 1950 to facilitate financial operations in the rural areas. The Agricultural Bank provide financial support to the agricultural units. It issued loans, directed the operations in the rural credit cooperatives, and carried out overall supervision of rural financial affairs. The Agricultural Bank was headquartered in Beijing and had a network of branches throughout the country. It starts increasing in the late 1950 and mid 1960 but ended in the late 1970. When the functions of the Agricultural Bank were increased it helps promote higher agricultural production. In the 1980 it was restructured again and given greater authority in order to support the growth of agriculture under the responsible system. Rur al Credit Cooperatives were small, but collectively owned savings and lending organizations that were the main source of small scale financial services at the local level in the countryside. They handled deposits and short terms loans for individual farm families, villages and cooperative organizations. Subject to the direction of the Agricultural Bank, they followed uniform state banking policies and acted as independent units for accounting purposes. In 1985 rural credit cooperatives held total deposit? 72. 5 Billion. (1. 3) Different Categories of Banks Bank of China Agricultural Bank of China (one of the main banks in mainland China) CITIC Industrial Bank (China International Trust and Investment Bank) China Construction Bank (one of the main banks in mainland China) China Merchants Bank (one of the main banks in mainland China) Industrial and Commercial Banks in China (one of the largest state owned in China) Kincheng Banking Corporation (keep progress with time, expended and g rown to become one of the top 500 banks in the world. ) Banks Owned by the Central Government NameHeadquarter Agricultural Bank of ChinaBeijing Bank of ChinaBeijing Bank of CommunicationsShanghai Industrial and Commercial Bank of ChinaBeijing People’s Bank of ChinaBeijing Xiamen International BankXiamen Postal Saving Bank of ChinaBeijing China CITIC BankBeijing China Construction BankBeijing China Development BankBeijing Exim Bank of ChinaBeijing Hua Xia BankBeijing Banks Owned By Local Governments Bank of JinzhouJinzhou Bank of JilinChangchun Harbin BankHarbin Industrial BankFuzhou Guangdong Development BankGuangzhou Bank of NingboNingbo Shenzhen City Commercial BankShenzhen Shenzhen Development BankShenzhen We will write a custom essay sample on The Peoples Bank of China Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Peoples Bank of China Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Peoples Bank of China Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Royal Proclamation Act of 1763 Essay Example

The Royal Proclamation Act of 1763 Paper In the aftermath of the French and Indian War, Britain needed a new imperial design, but the situation in America was anything but favorable to change. Long accustomed to a large measure of independence, the colonies were demanding more, not less, freedom, particularly now that the French menace had been eliminated. To put a new system into effect, and to tighten control, Parliament had to contend with colonists trained in self-government and impatient with interference. One of the thefirst things that British attempted was the organization of the interior. The conquest of Canada and of the Ohio Valley necessitated policies that would not alienate the French and Indian inhabitants. But here the Crown came into conflict with the interests of the colonies. Fast increasing in population, and needing more land for settlement, various colonies claimed the right to extend their boundaries as far west as the Mississippi River. The British government, fearing that settlers migrating into the new lands would provoke a series of Indian wars, believed that the lands should be opened to colonists on a more gradual basis. Restricting movement was also a way of ensuring royal control over existing settlements before allowing the formation of new ones. We will write a custom essay sample on The Royal Proclamation Act of 1763 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Royal Proclamation Act of 1763 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Royal Proclamation Act of 1763 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Royal Proclamation of 1763 reserved all the western territory between the Alleghenies, Florida, the Mississippi River and Quebec for use by Native Americans. Thus the Crown attempted to sweep away every western land claim of the 13 colonies and to stop westward expansion. Though never effectively enforced, this measure, in the eyes of the colonists, constituted a high-handed disregard of their most elementary right to occupy and settle western lands. More serious in its repercussions was the new financial policy of the British government, which needed more money to support its growing empire. Unless the taxpayer in England was to supply all money for the colonies’ defense, revenues would have to be.

Situation Comedy essays

Situation Comedy essays Situation Comedy Before writing this essay, I watched a old re-run of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, and I read the chapter in the television textbook where a episode of Leave It to Beaver was broken down into Act One, Act Two, Act Three and Act Four. It was there that I realized that since 1951, with the premiere of I Love Lucy, that most sitcoms follow a very basic, but successful pattern. I will demonstrate how this is accomplished in the sitcom week in and week out. The first act must establish the situation in the show. The second act must show the complication involved in the particular episode. The third act must show the confusion the actors or actresses go through, and the fourth must have the solution for the complication and the confusion. In the first few minutes of a sitcom, the viewer will be shown something that catches their eyes. In most cases, that will establish the situation for which the episode will be based on. For example, in Fresh Prince of Bel-Air we see that the shows main character, Will, gets slapped in the face by a beautiful woman, who at first hugged him. The show then cuts to a commercial having established the situation and knowing that the audience is putting down the remote control and waiting to find out why Will got slapped. In the television textbook, Wally and the Beav agree to take care of a neighbor valuable cat against the advice of their father, Ward, who thinks about what will happen while the cat is under their care. That sets up the situation where the audience knows something is going to happen to the cat but doesnt know what. So the audience will remain glued to that episode of Leave It to Beaver until they find out what going to happen. After the commercial break, the audience will see the complication in that episode. In the Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Will finds out that Ja...

Convenience Cookware case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Convenience Cookware - Case Study Example It is also important for the company to pre-test the products before manufacturing them for the market. In this case, the company made a blunder to manufacture a lot of products before testing them if they are suitable for the market. The company should produce a manageable batch of products at a time such that it can take proactive measures should any crisis happen. For instance, it is easy to recall defective product in small quantities than large quantities as illustrated in the case study of Convenience Cookware. The above argument goes in line with inventory management. The company should make sure that they stock current assets in the form of products on offer that can be quickly converted into cash. Basically, current assets are in form of cash and other assets that can be converted into cash or consumed during one year on the normal operating cycle of business (Chasteen, Flaherty & O’connor, 1998). The acquisition of inventory and converting it into cash should be a short period hence the current assets should not be overstocked as illustrated in the case study given above. Overstocking inventory is always problematic in that it may not be sold out during the anticipated period which can negatively impact on the return on sales to the company. The other change that can be made by the company is to use Public Relations (PR) in its operations especially in times of crises such as the one revealed in the case study. Basically, PR refers to sustained effort to create and maintain goodwill between the organization and its publics (Flippo, 1961). This discipline can also be used for crisis management so as to try to create a positive image of the organization. During times of crises, PR can be used to present the firm in a positive way which can help to rebuild confidence in the consumers. It is important for the company to carry out research about the causes of such problems in the future. This will be followed by an